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Lightning Terms

First Step Lighting Terms and Definitions To Understand the Science of Light

There are so many technical terms to know when it comes to lighting. By adopting the approach of using the right lighting at the right point as a principle, we wanted to explain the terms that should be known in order for you to reach the right lighting. For this reason, we offer you a glossary explaining the terms you may encounter in order to understand both what you can see on the site and what needs to be in the right lighting. Explanations of terms include generally agreed and accepted expressions on terms. We invite you to review the glossary to understand and discover your need for the right lighting. This dictionary, which was created for the purpose of explaining the lighting terms, is presented not in an alphabetical order, but in an order created according to the narrative style of the subject in order to understand the terms.

Lighting

Lighting definition of International Commission on Illumination is (CIE - Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage); “It is applying light to objects, their surroundings and small or large areas so that they can be seen”.

There are 3 types of lighting. Natural, Artificial and Mixed Lighting.

Natural Lighting: It is the type of lighting that occurs the use of daylight from the sun.

Artificial Lighting: It is the type of lighting that occurs the use of artificial light sources.

Mixed Lighting: It is the type of lighting that comes out with the use of both daylight from the sun and light from artificial light sources.

There are 2 types of lighting forms that differ according to the place of use.

Indoor Lighting

It is the illumination of interior spaces such as houses, workplaces, hotels, offices, cafes, restaurants within the building and structure.

Outdoor Lightning

 It is the illumination of various scales outside the buildings and structures such as the illumination of outdoor spaces such as roads, squares, streets, parks, gardens, sports grounds and pools.

There are 4 types of lighting types that differ according to the type of use.

Functional Lighting

The purpose of functional lighting is to be able to see objects in shape, color and details comfortably and quickly. Different visual needs are provided with lighting in houses, schools, offices, hospitals, shopping malls and similar buildings and spaces. Lighting systems that provide visual needs are called functional lighting.

In functional lighting, it is of great importance to use the right lighting according to the characteristics of the environment in which the lighting will be used. For example; There should be enough light for customers to feel comfortable in the store, if the lighting in the store is not good, the store may look bad. In this case, it makes the product and product labels difficult to read and disturbs the customers. On the other hand, if the lighting is too bright, it can be inconvenient for customers.

Decorative Lighting
The purpose of decorative lighting is not to show objects with all their details; is to create more aesthetic effects. It is aimed to see the spaces with different functions and the objects in them in the intended shape and color and to be remarkable instead of looking natural. Attractive and aesthetic lighting is aimed at places and objects in this places such as the exterior of the building, entertainment venue, display window, landscape element and the type of lighting used to achieve these goals is called decorative lighting.
Accent Lighting

The purpose of accent lighting lighting is to draw attention to soever event or object by using light. Stage lighting such as opera, theater, ballet, concert, product lighting in stores and markets are included in the accent lighting type. With accent lighting, it is aimed to draw attention to the object or area that is intended to be seen priority by using high illuminance levels and colored lights, and the type of lighting used to provide these targets is called accent lighting.

Accent lighting is an excellent way to highlight certain areas and certain products on shelves or display corners to draw the customer's attention and give customers the sense that these products are important and worth considering.

Illumination

Illumination, which is except a concept general lighting, is used to define lighting for advertising purposes.

Light Pollution

Light pollution occurs as a result of bad and wrong lighting. Light pollution is the use of light in the wrong place, at the wrong time, in the wrong amount and in the wrong direction. As a general definition, light pollution occurs when lightings are formed from wrong forms and the direction of the light overflows from the object or area to be illuminated and turns towards the sky. The easiest way to detect how much more light pollution is, is to not be able to see the stars because of the intensity of the city lights when looking at the sky at night. Especially in outdoor lighting, for example, street or park lighting cannot provide correct light distribution, and light pollution increases. Light pollution occurs when exterior lighting causes light pollution, as well as when the light from interior lights, for example, used in homes or used in shops and markets, overflows from indoor areas. At the same time, turn on the lights on for more than necessary causes light pollution and excessive energy consumption. Thus, energy loss, misuse of resources and an increase in energy consumption costs are experienced with applications that cause light pollution. It is very important to use the right lighting to prevent light pollution.

In order to prevent light pollution, the solution to ensuring the use of correct lighting is to produce lighting in accordance with the science of light, to direct the light properly to the object or area to be illuminated, and to design the lighting correctly. While providing a solution to the need for lighting, care should be taken to ensure that the light distribution is in the form and number suitable for the place to be illuminated, in order to prevent light pollution, and lighting that provides these conditions should be preferred.

After know what lighting is and for what purposes it is used, it is important to know the technical terms related to lighting in order to reach the right solution.

IEEE
IEEE full name is Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Headquarter in the USA, IEEE has more than 400,000 members from 160 countries with 2021 figures. It is a global professional association. IEEE is a technical authority that has published many standards and recommended practices for the electrical and electronics fields.
Ampere (A)
The unit of measurement for electric current, that is, it expresses the measurement of the amount of electric current passing through a circuit.
Voltage (V)

Expressed in volts (V), it is a measure of electric potential.

Watt (W)
Watt is the unit of measurement for the electricity consumption of lighting fixtures or other electrically powered devices. In other words, Watt represents how much power a light source uses.
Light Flux-Lumen (Lm)

The measurement of the apparent intensity of a light source is the light flux. Light flux says nothing about the direction of the light, the intensity of the source, or the brightness of an illuminated surface, it just refers to the total visible light in all directions. It is measured in lumens.

Luminance Unit-Candela (Cd)
Luminance unit describes the amount of light emitted in a particular direction. In other words, it is a unit of measurement that shows the light intensity of a light source in a certain direction. Its unit is candela.
Kelvin (Color Temperature)
Kelvin is used to define the color of the light emanating from the light source in the lighting area. Lighting colors usually range from 2500K to 7000K. If the higher the Kelvin degree, the light color is the bluer, and if the lower the Kelvin degree, the light color is the more yellow.
Color Rendering Index-CRI
It is a measure of a light source's ability to accurately render the color of objects and is scaled from 1-100. If the higher the rating, the closer the view of the illuminated area or object is to what it actually looks like in daylight. Better lighting is provided with a high CRI value.

It is important to reach the right color view at every point where lighting is needed. It is very important for the light source to show true color of the product and area in designs and product and area accents.

Beam Angle
It refers to the measurement of the diffusion of a light source. The light angle is measured between the down direction where a lamp provides its maximum luminous intensity and the direction where the intensity drops to 50%. In other words, a lamp with a wide light angle spreads its illumination over a wider cone. Thus, while lighting with a wide light angle is more suitable for general use, it is more suitable to use to highlight a specific object or area in a narrower area with a narrower light angle.
Illuminance

It is the amount of light flux per illuminated unit area. The perceived brightness of light falling on a surface illuminated by the lamp is measured in Lumens per square meter or its equivalent Lux.

Lux: 1 lumen per square meter is equivalent to 1 lux.

Surfaces appear brighter to the human eye with higher illuminance levels. Concentrated sources such as lasers, LEDs and optically focused lamps can provide intense lighting in a small area.

Luminance
It is used to describe the light intensity per unit area emitted from a point on a surface in a certain direction. It is a measure of the light intensity of a surface. Luminance is measured in candelas per square metre.
Diffuser
A diffuser is applied to a light source to spread the light from the light source more evenly. The diffuser consists of translucent glass or plastic, making the lighting more homogeneous and eliminating sparkling, glittering.
Ambient Temperature
It describes the temperature of the air around a lighting fixture. Ambient temperature can affect the performance of the lighting.
Efficacy
Luminous efficacy of a source. It is the efficiency of the light source. It is the value obtained by dividing the luminous flux by the power consumed, that is, by calculating lumen divided by watts. It is measured as the ability of a lighting system to produce the desired result.
IP Protection (Ingress Protection)
IP is the level of protection of a lighting fixture or electrical equipment. IP rating codes are two-digit and it describing how much protection a luminaire or electrical equipment has against the ingress of objects. The first digit of the IP codes indicates the degree of protection against the ingress of solid objects, and the second digit indicates the degree of protection against the ingress of liquids. The higher the numbers, the higher the degree of protection. For example; An IP67 rating indicates a higher degree of protection than an IP50 rating.
LED
The abbreviation of Light Emitting Diode is used as LED. It means light emitting diode. It is a solid-state component that emits light when exposed to electric current. When voltage is applied, current flows and energy is emitted in the form of light. LEDs represent the latest technology in the lighting industry, overtaking most other types of lighting. LEDs are ahead of other lighting types in terms of energy efficiency, design flexibility and light colors. LED has a operating time 3 times longer than a compact fluorescent lamp and 30 times longer than incandescent lamps.
Led Strip
LED strip is a type of led. It has a small surface area, it is defined as thin conductive circuit bands with the LED in the surface area. Due to their flexible structure, they have flexible usage areas.
Module LED
It is formed by connecting 3 LED chips working with 3.4 Volt voltage in series. It works over a current limiting resistor with 12 Volt.
LED Lighting
It refers to the use of LED technology for the lighting. LED is the latest technology in the lighting industry and thus LED lighting represents the ultimate in lighting. High energy efficiency is provided by LED lighting technologies. LEDs are an environmentally friendly technology, LED lighting does not harm the environment.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet is used with the abbreviation UV. The UV wavelength is between 100 nanometers and 400 nanometers. The short wavelength makes them invisible to the naked eye. It has several subtypes.
Ultraviolet-C
It is one of the subtypes of ultraviolet light. Its abbreviation is used as UVC. It is very effective in killing bacteria and viruses, UVC is used for disinfection and sterilization. As a developing subject in the field of lighting, there are UVC lamps and fixtures for disinfection and sterilization. With the developing LED technology, UVC products developing diversity.
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